• Cysteine protease activities have been suggested to be impor

  2020-02-20

  

  Cysteine protease activities have been suggested to be important for Giardia’s pathogenesis [[11], [12], [13],16,18,19,21,28,29,35]. Recently several giardial CPs were shown to be released during host cell interactions [9,10]. The three major released CPs have recently been shown to be involved in t

• The small GTPase Ran regulates karyopherin cargo interaction

  2020-02-20

  

  The small GTPase Ran regulates karyopherin–cargo interactions and the directionality of karyopherin-mediated transport. Like other Ras-family GTPases, Ran cycles between GTP- and GDP-bound states, and the two surface loops in Ran, referred to as the switch I and switch II loops, undergo significant

• The small GTPase Ran regulates karyopherin cargo interaction

  2020-02-20

  

  The small GTPase Ran regulates karyopherin–cargo interactions and the directionality of karyopherin-mediated transport. Like other Ras-family GTPases, Ran cycles between GTP- and GDP-bound states, and the two surface loops in Ran, referred to as the switch I and switch II loops, undergo significant

• Although many neurotransmitters e g catecholamines serotonin

  2020-02-20

  

  Although many neurotransmitters (e.g., catecholamines, serotonin, and excitatory/inhibitory amino acids) have been implicated in the modulation of anxiety-like responses (Carobrez et al., 2001, Molchanov and Guimaraes, 2002, Vianna et al., 2001), the so-called atypical neurotransmitters, endocannabi

• br Atypical collagen glycosylation The disaccharide Glc Gal

  2020-02-20

  

  Atypical collagen glycosylation The disaccharide Glc(α1-2)Gal(β1-O) decorating collagens is strongly conserved across the animal kingdom, yet for every rule, nature provides exceptions. The deep-sea worm Riftia pachyptila of the phylum Annelida represents an intriguing exception. R. pachyptila is

• Peptides undergoing only a single

  2020-02-20

  

  Peptides undergoing only a single hydroxylation, i.e. PA-Hyp-KPAPK and PAPK-Hyp-APK, were then used to investigate the kinetics of vCPH co-factor and co-substrate dependences. The values for KMapp for Fe(II) and KM for 2OG for the two peptide substrates were within error (KMapp, Fe(II): 0.9 μM ± 0.1

• Our study revealed elevated basal Akt

  2020-02-20

  

  Our study revealed elevated basal Akt phosphorylation in diet-induced obesity, the effect of which was reversed by ETAKO. Activation of Akt promotes cardiac hypertrophy via a number of cellular mechanisms including activation of its downstream targets such as mTOR and GSK3β [45, 46]. Short-term acti

• In addition to cleaving ubiquitins off modified

  2020-02-20

  

  In addition to cleaving ubiquitins off modified proteins, DUBs can also cleave between ubiquitin moieties within a polyubiquitin chain to edit the ubiquitin signal. DUBs employ different strategies to recognize polyubiquitin (Figure 1). DUBs that rely only on interactions on the S1 site tend to be G

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2020-02-20

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion To date, several reports have suggested an involvement of DGK in bipolar disorder. A splice variant at the COOH-terminus of DGKβ has been related to bipolar disorder [15] and DGKβ KO mice showed hyperactive behavior [17]. For the other DGK isoforms,

• We therefore propose a scenario

  2020-02-20

  

  We therefore propose a scenario based on our experimental models and depicted schematically in Figure 7. In fully respiring cells, CI, CII, and DHODH transfer electrons to CoQ, which are then forwarded to CIII. This latter complex transfers electrons to CIV, which then produces water at the expense

• DDR is characterized by an N

  2020-02-20

  

  DDR2 is characterized by an N-terminal discoidin domain and a C-terminal kinase domain [7]. Characteristics of DDR1, which is a homologue of DDR2, have been extensively investigated in terms of expression level in cancer tissues and biological functions in normal and cancer cell conditions, but char

• Three new trans P Hs AlP H MiP

  2020-02-19

  

  Three new trans-P4Hs (AlP4H, MiP4H and ScP4H) discovered by a genome mining approach in this study were all located in branch A containing DaP4H sequence. Although another three candidates from Amycolatopsis mediterranei, Bradyrhizobium sp. ORS285 and O. indicum were successfully expressed as solubl

• The present study also showed

  2020-02-19

  

  The present study also showed that EP2 deficiency and EP4 antagonism significantly suppressed psoriatic Nicotine Difartrate australia in an imiquimod model. Notably, however, the combined EP2 deficiency and EP4 antagonism did not completely suppress ear swelling in this model, possibly because ther

• Interestingly anti inflammatory actions for

  2020-02-19

  

  Interestingly, anti-inflammatory actions for sPLA2-V were also described in mice a few years ago in a model of autoimmune complex mediated arthritis [148]. A novel mechanism was delineated, whereby sPLA2-V promotes phagocytosis of immune complexes by macrophages to ameliorate inflammation in autoimm

• The ultrafiltration approach has been

  2020-02-19

  

  The ultrafiltration approach has been used to measure equilibrium BIEs for a number of enzyme systems, including Puromycin aminonucleoside hexokinase (Lewis and Schramm, 2003a, Lewis and Schramm, 2003b), thymidine phosphorylase (Birck & Schramm, 2004), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (Murkin, Tyler

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