• Phylogenetic analysis indicates that in poikilothermic verte

  2021-08-19

  

  Phylogenetic analysis indicates that in poikilothermic vertebrates CXCR3a and CXCR3b have evolved independently from a common gene possibly after the 2nd round whole genome duplication but before the split of bony fish and tetrapods (Fig. 1 and Supplementary file 3). Owing to the extra round of whol

• THZ531 We further examined our hypothesis that the activatio

  2021-08-19

  

  We further examined our hypothesis that the activation of CRF and CCK systems is responsible for the enhanced anxiety-like behavior induced by immobilization stress using two antagonists to block the expression of CRF1 and CCK2 receptors. It was found that CCK2 receptor antagonist CR2945 or CRF1 ant

• br Materials and methods br

  2021-08-18

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Neointimal VSMC accumulation contributes considerably to vessel occlusion observed in both autologous vein graft degeneration [1], [2] and in-stent restenosis [26], [27]. In this study, the potential for retarding VSMC proliferation and hence amelior

• br Acknowledgements This work was supported

  2021-08-18

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 26292031. Introduction The Cys-loop receptors constitute an important superfamily of ligand-gated ion salidroside (LGICs) and mediate synaptic transmission in both invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems (Jones

• Objective Thus the understanding of the various mechanisms o

  2021-08-18

  

  Thus, the understanding of the various mechanisms of action of estrogen and SERMs is an important medical challenge and could help to develop an “ideal” SERM, preserving the beneficial effects of estrogen in the bone and urogenital system, and reducing the unwanted side effects, mainly increased ris

• Progesterone s metabolite THP may also be mediating burying

  2021-08-18

  

  Progesterone's metabolite, 3α,5α-THP, may also be mediating burying and freezing responses. Results show female Long–Evans rats in behavioral estrous have higher P4 levels in serum, GZD824 and hippocampus compared to diestrous female Long–Evans rats. Additionally, ovx female Long–Evans rat administ

• The role of Epac in the regulation

  2021-08-18

  

  The role of Epac in the regulation of intracellular Ca homeostasis and contractility is still matter of debate. In rat adult cardiomyocytes, acute Epac stimulation decreased the amplitude of Ca transients [6], [9], [10] with either no changes [6] or increments [9] in cell shortening, suggesting an e

• In normal chow fed mice

  2021-08-18

  

  In normal chow fed mice, EP4 deficiency also decreased the expression of CYP8B1, the downstream target of CYP7A1. Similarly, knockdown of EP4 with small interfering RNA reduced the expression of CYP8B1 in HepG2 cells. Therefore, it was anticipated that there would be an increased expression of CYP8B

• Although it was shown that IL signaling induces expression o

  2021-08-18

  

  Although it was shown that IL-23 signaling induces expression of T17 pathogenic signature genes through activation of STAT3,, transcription factors other than STAT3 are also implicated for induction of pathogenic T17 cells because IL-6, which activates STAT3 similarly to IL-23, cannot induce IL-23R

• Elastase belongs to chymotrypsin family of proteases and it

  2021-08-18

  

  Elastase belongs to chymotrypsin family of proteases and it is responsible for the breakdown of elastin and other proteins, such as collagen and fibronectin, which are fundamental for the ECM elastic properties (Imokawa and Ishida, 2015). Misregulations of this enzyme are involved in skin ageing pro

• RF 9 The generation of ROS in addition to

  2021-08-18

  

  The generation of ROS, in addition to eliciting oxidative stress, is an important proapoptotic signal (Ott et al., 2007). Apoptosis is clearly associated with the production of ROS, since ROS generation occurs in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and disturbs mitochondrial homeostasis, which plays

• br Results br Discussion Oxysterols and

  2021-08-18

  

  Results Discussion Oxysterols and EBI2 have received growing attention in the field of immunology, with works highlighting an important role for EBI2 in immune cell migration. However, these studies are mainly limited to animal models (Chalmin et al., 2015, Hannedouche et al., 2011, Kelly et a

• br Results br Discussion Oxysterols and

  2021-08-18

  

  Results Discussion Oxysterols and EBI2 have received growing attention in the field of immunology, with works highlighting an important role for EBI2 in immune cell migration. However, these studies are mainly limited to animal models (Chalmin et al., 2015, Hannedouche et al., 2011, Kelly et a

• br Abbreviations br Acknowledgements br Introduction Dopamin

  2021-08-18

  

  Abbreviations Acknowledgements Introduction Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DbH) is the enzyme catalysing the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine, two important neurotransmitters involved in the central nervous system [1]. This enzyme has been isolated from bovine chromaffin granules as a tetr

• br Conclusion br Conflict of interest br

  2021-08-18

  

  Conclusion Conflict of interest Acknowledgment The authors acknowledge the grant support of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (94-02-49-29647). Introduction Earlier in vitro observations have also established that the human 5-HT2A, while very similar to the rat isoform, exhibits

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