• EBI and its ligand s EBI was found in a

  2020-11-09

  

  EBI2 and its ligand(s) EBI2 was found in a screen of upregulated genes in human B cells upon infection with EBV [1]. EBI2 is a G-protein (Gαi type) coupled receptor [2] but as long as 18 years after its discovery the nature of its ligand remained undisclosed. With the help of transfected cell lines

• EBI and its ligand s EBI was found in a

  2020-11-09

  

  EBI2 and its ligand(s) EBI2 was found in a screen of upregulated genes in human B cells upon infection with EBV [1]. EBI2 is a G-protein (Gαi type) coupled receptor [2] but as long as 18 years after its discovery the nature of its ligand remained undisclosed. With the help of transfected cell lines

• Programmed cellular death or apoptosis is a process genetica

  2020-11-09

  

  Programmed cellular death or apoptosis is a process genetically controlled that plays an important role in cellular homeostasis, being an important defense mechanism to remove cells that have been infected, damaged or mutated (Smith and Smith, 2012, Wlodkowic et al., 2011). Nevertheless, apoptosis s

• Chlorogenic acid The first hint that GLP might not be comple

  2020-11-06

  

  The first hint that GLP-1 might not be completely stable came from a meeting abstract in 1992, reporting that GLP-1 could be degraded in plasma incubations [16], although the enzyme(s) involved was not identified. A year later, Mentlein and colleagues [17], in a search for peptide substrates of the

• Electron transport via DHODH activity will allow the generat

  2020-11-06

  

  Electron transport via DHODH activity will allow the generation of mitochondrial ROS without the consumption of α-ketoglutarate or NADH. Glutamine-dependent flux through the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation can also enable generation of mitochondrial ROS (Weinberg et al., 2010). The latter pr

• br Material and methods br Results Diagrammatic representati

  2020-11-06

  

  Material and methods Results Diagrammatic representations showing the bilateral injection sites in the BNST of all animals used in the present study are presented in Fig. 1. Discussion The present results provide the first evidence that both CRF1 and CRF2 receptors in the BSNT are involved

• br Materials and Methods br Results br Discussion Mitochondr

  2020-11-06

  

  Materials and Methods Results Discussion Mitochondrion not only generates energy but also produces ROS under physiological conditions. However, overnutrition causes mitochondrial congestion and elicits excessive ROS generation, leading to insulin resistance (Muoio, 2014, Houstis et al., 200

• However not all inhibitory profiles by metals

  2020-11-06

  

  However, not all inhibitory profiles by metals can be a priori considered artifacts of the methodology used to quantify the activity of such enzymes. Metals can indeed interfere with cholinesterases, and the mechanisms are varied. The inhibitory effect of specific metals may derive from their abilit

• br Acknowledgments Denise Fernandes acknowledges a postdoc

  2020-11-06

  

  Acknowledgments Denise Fernandes acknowledges a postdoc fellowship (SFRH/BPD/34289/2006) from the Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) of the Ministry of Science and Technology of Portugal. This work was supported by the Spanish National Plan for Research (Project Ref. CGL2011-24

• Our published results also show that the

  2020-11-06

  

  Our published results also show that the Y2 and the Y5, but not the Y1, receptors mediate NPY-induced excitation-secretion coupling in EECs (Abdel-Samad et al., 2012). Thus, it is highly important to consider controlling ET-1 circulating level via blockade of Y2 and/or Y5 receptor activation (Abdel-

• br Discussion Variable estradiol effects on cell

  2020-11-06

  

  Discussion Variable estradiol effects on cell proliferation have been reported according to animal species, tissues, and type of estrogen receptor [16,21,22,[29], [30], [31]]. In the kidney, 17βE was found to increase [3H]-thymidine incorporation in primary rabbit kidney proximal tubule Lonafarn

• br Materials and Methods br Results br Discussion The spatia

  2020-11-06

  

  Materials and Methods Results Discussion The spatial properties of receptor-ligand interactions can influence receptor activation and signal propagation, but studying this phenomenon requires the development of systems capable of recapitulating complex biophysical traits. In this study, we

• In conclusion our study has demonstrated that PGE stimulates

  2020-11-06

  

  In conclusion, our study has demonstrated that PGE2 stimulates expression of survivin in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Although there are 4 subtypes of EP receptors, the EP1 receptor appears to be the predominant receptor that regulates PGE2-induced expression of survivin, mainly through trans-act

• We can think of two ways in which

  2020-11-06

  

  We can think of two ways in which collagen binding could activate DDR (Figure 8). A single collagen triple helix could interact with both DS domains in the DDR dimer (“composite binding site”) and thereby activate the receptor, similar to the situation exemplified by the growth hormone-growth hormon

• Syringin Among the CYP enzymes CYP D has

  2020-11-06

  

  Among the CYP450 enzymes, CYP2D has been considered a crucial protein that involves in the metabolism of xenobiotics and drugs (Zanger and Schwab, 2013). Some isoforms of the CYP2D subfamily have been well characterized, such as CYP2D6 due to its clinical importance and CYP2D14 in black cattle (Hama

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